My Understanding Of Personality Theory - 860 Words

To demonstrate my understanding of personality theory, I choose to create a personality profile for a close friend. She is a very driven individual with some unique interests. I wanted to evaluate her personality because she is a very close friend of mine and I know her vary well. I chose Allport’s trait theory because he uses 3 types of traits to describe people. I liked the way he organized traits in to types of traits. I think its easier to understand his theory because of the organization. I organized my friend’s traits in to 3 categories: central, secondary, and cardinal. Allport’s theory focuses on individual differences. His theory suggest that â€Å" individuals differ in the traits that predominate in there personalities. some traits are common; others are unique†(Cloninger 2013 page 128). He goes on to explain that some traits are individual or unique while others are common. Central traits can affect everyday behaviors. these are traits that your close friends or family would be able to point out if asked. Examples of my friends central traits would be: optimistic, out-spoken, individualistic, and extroverted. I use these terms to describe her because I have noticed them consistently. Over time and various situations, I have seen her behavior follow these traits. My friend is on the executive board of an RSO. She enjoys talking to can spending time with the other members of her RSO. She also likes talking to new and potential members about her experiences. This,Show MoreRelatedFreudian Psychoanalysis As The Forerunner Of All Psychotherapeutic Methods979 Words   |  4 Pagescoping mechanism (Jones Butman, 2012) Freud’s model of personality posits that: 1. There are three levels of consciousness: the conscious experiences, the preconscious experiences, and unconscious experiences, however, all behavior is determined by unconscious experiences. 2. Human Behavior is determined by past unresolved events from childhood. 3. Human behavior is determined by the interaction of sexual and aggressive drives. 4. Personality is structured in terms the id, ego and superego. The idRead MoreThe Big Five Personality Theory1186 Words   |  5 Pagescontext. The primary goal of psychology is to gain a true knowledge and understanding of how and why individuals of all ages and genders behave the way they do. A popular worldwide theory is called The Big Five Personality Theory. This world-renowned theory of understanding ones personality traits has been revolutionary towards understanding the minds of people all over the world and from all backgrounds. The Big Five Personality Theory is based on five main traits which include neuroticism, agreeablenessRead MoreInterview With The Personality Theorist1318 Words   |  6 PagesMocked Interviews The purpose of this assignment is to prepare a transcript for a mocked interview with four personality theorist. The four personality theorists included in this interview are; Horney, Erikson, Jung, and Adler. In this mocked interview, one will pretend to ask each theorist a combination of questions about the viewpoints of Sigmund Freud, and his daughter, Anna Freud. In addition, each theorist will explain what impact they believe their work has had on psychology as they see itRead MoreNeo Analytic And Ego Aspects Of Personality Theory Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe quest to discover what makes us who we are has created several different theories of personality. One of the eight aspects of personalities reviewed in this personality theory course is Neo-analytic and Ego Aspect approach to personality theory. The Neo-analytic approach which was derived from a revision to psychoanalytical theory, contains a basic concept of a multi-faceted personality theory, provides beneficial cu rrent day applications and does not encourage individuals to turn away from theirRead MoreThe Human Mind For Millennia Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Personality is a topic that has interested the human mind for millennia. As early as the fourth century BC, Aristotle was writing about the differences within individuals based on â€Å"determinants of moral and immoral behavior (Matthews Deary),† which he identified as cowardice, vanity, and modesty. Aristotle’s student, Theophrastus, continued this thought process through a book detailing thirty personality traits, thus bringing forth the idea that an individual’s personality could be brokenRead MorePersonality Assessment : Personality And Work Ethics Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinct personality. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, â€Å"personality is defined as the set of emotional qualities and ways of behaving that makes a person different from other people†. My personality simply defines how others view me and most importantly the authenticity of who I am. Some people are prone to having outgoing personalities, while I prefer to be a lone. After taking the Jung Typology Test, I understand my personality even more. This personality assessment will document my personalityRead MoreApplication Of The Personality Theories Developed By Erik Erikson And Raymond Cattell1724 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of the Personality Theories Developed by Erik Erikson and Raymond Cattell â€Å"Personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life† (Cherry, 2014). My personality is influenced from my specific circumstances, my upbringing, and it is represented best through the theorists of Erik Erikson and Raymond Cattell. In specific circumstances my behavior changesRead MoreCase Study : The Real Estate Industry1657 Words   |  7 Pagescontinue to be customer driven with technology applications. Buyers and sellers are moving towards listing and selling their own homes without a licensed real estate agent. However, there are inherent risks, such as the lack of experience and understanding of real estate laws. Buyers and sellers are attracted to saving the commission percentages upfront later to find themselves in legal conflict in which they may be liable for repairs and non-disclosed issues of the asset. Bianca’s motivation toRead MorePersonality and Concepts1045 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality amp; Concepts Abstract An individual’s personality is what makes them unique. How people’s personalities are developed is based on years of research and theories. This paper will discuss some of those theories and dig into the research of personalities. Personality amp; Concepts * * How I define personality * Personality is what makes a person unique. Personality is also what makes a person similar and different from others. Our personality is what makes us whoRead MoreSocial Psychology And Albert Bandura s Social Cognitive Theory1338 Words   |  6 Pages People learn within a social context, a cultural context, and a modeling context. This papers is intended as a review of how personalities effect our actual behaviors and how those behaviors are molded into an individualistic personality. The best definition of personality I found is â€Å"Personality is can be described in terms of personality traits: characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving† (Soto Tacket, 2015). For purposes of this paper, I chose to incorporate

The Child Abuse - 1598 Words

1. Becker’s labeling theory consists of three major points; variation over time, who commits the crimes who feels harmed, and finally a variation in consequence. These three topics tie into the child abuse report article quite well. First variation over time is a big point I the child abuse case. There is a prime example of this when they mention the number of child abuse reports in 1963 were a mere 150k and in 1993 they had risen to around three million. Another example is that at one point only physicians who saw extreme cases were allowed to report the abuse while now days it’s a wide variety of people including physicians, teachers and even civilians. The second point was about who commits the crime and who is getting harmed. The connection here is that once there was recognition that there was a serious problem, changes started to occur and the number of children being abused decreased. The people committing the crime were perhaps more cautious and the number of people being hurt (the children) decreased dramatically. Variation in consequences is a little harder to relate to the article but the closest comparison that I could see would be the over reporting. That is, as the number of reports went up the consequences changed from under reporting of child abuse to over reporting and causing a strain on the system. Although it’s not all bad because resulted in the number of deaths from child abuse fell from 5000 – 3000 in a matter of years. 2. To best answerShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse979 Words   |  4 PagesChild Abuse 2 Just about all children have many different experiences that will have a major impact on their lives before they reach full maturity. A child can face a lot of dangerous things from the environment surroundings them which might seriously affect their whole life. The definition of Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Child abuse is any action from adult to a child that can be harmful to the child’s body or mental (Children Welfare Information Gateway 2007). In theRead MoreChild Abuse1192 Words   |  5 Pages Doug mikel Child Abuse Sociology 111 Tues./Thurs. 8a-9:15a Tina Harrell 9/21/2014 Imagine living a life you fear, one you have to keep a secret. Always pretending to be happy and carefree when deep down thinking, Please don t let this day be the last. Living in a house where painful marks and scars are hidden by long sleeves, and jeans. Looking over your shoulder wondering when the next assault is going to be. â€Å"Almost five children die every day as a result of child abuse.  Ã‚  More than threeRead MoreChild Abuse1247 Words   |  5 PagesDiscipline, Child Abuse? Many people have noticed that parents are starting to get more frustrated with with their lives and are taking it out on their children. Parents start to under think their actions and instead of disciplining their children, they are abusing their children. There are many precautions that should be taken when dealing with situations like these. Many experiments can be done in order to determine if abuse is taking place in the home. In order to determine child abuse, authoritiesRead MoreChild Abuse1545 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: CHILD ABUSE Title- Child Abuse SENTENCE OUTLINE TOPIC: Child Abuse TOPIC SENTENCE: Child abuse is any act or inaction on the part of a parent or caregiver on a child 18 years and under. THESIS STATEMENT: The UK Guidance working together to safeguard children 2010, says that, child abuse constitutes of neglect, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. SUB TOPICRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Sexual Abuse1951 Words   |  8 PagesTherefore that would mean 42 million adults are survivors of child abuse right here in the United States. Among these children there are 73% of children who do not tell anyone for a year, and many who never tell anyone (The Children’s Assessment Center). If we do not intervene many would say 500,000 babies will be born and sexually abused by the age of 18. It is important is it to be educated in the signs and symptoms of adult and child sexual abuse and getting involved in our own communities to stop thisRead MorePhysical Abuse And Child Abuse716 Words   |  3 PagesChild abuse is all over the world in every state and in a big percentage of homes. Abuse is more than just physically touching a child. It’s talking down to a child to where they don’t care anymore, and when someone is touching a child in sexual ways. The thing about abuse, no matter what type it is they all tie together somehow. Physical, sexual, and mental abuse is known more common in teens and goes unspoken more than people realize and they don’t even know it’s happening around them. PhysicalRead MoreChild Abuse And Spousal Abuse828 Words   |  4 Pagesspecifically child abuse and spousal abuse. A term that is not heard often is elder abuse, which is unfortunate due to the fact that it is a fairly common occurrence. It was estimated that in 2009, one in ten elderly Americans were victims of elder abuse within the previous year (Acierno, 2010). Even though elder abuse is prevalent here in America, it is seldom that this phenomenon is actually discussed. According to the National Center on Elder Abuse, there are seven types of elder abuse: physicalRead MoreChild Abuse909 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Child abuse has been the most intriguing issue in most of the  third world  countries. The primary individual who receives more trauma, humiliation and stigma is the child. Abuse is not a good way to support the growth and development of the children. It is not also supported by the people namely social workers because of the negative effects that it may bring to the children which might reflect in their future self. Moreover, there are programs and organization that promotesRead Morechild abuse1271 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse Research Paper Most parents and other caregivers do not intend to hurt their children, but abuse is defined by the effect on the child, not the motivation of the parents or caregiver.Tens of thousands of children each year are traumatized by physical, sexual, and emotional abusers or by caregivers who neglect them.Child abuse as common as it is shocking. Most of us can’t imagine what would make an adult use violence against a child, and the worse the behaviorRead MoreChild Abuse959 Words   |  4 Pages                     According to child help (1959-2012) Children around the world are suffering from child abuse and neglect. It is reported that each year 3.3 million reports are made in the United States about child abuse involving 6 million children; this is due to reports that may contain more than two children. Statistic show that every ten second there is a report made that involves child abuse, more than five children that die is a result of child abuse, and approximately 80% of children

Transitioning to Diabetes Care - Better Management and Control

Questions: 1. Goals of ProjectWhat you want the project to achieve; describe your ultimate project goals in outcome terms, and any intermediate goals as well?2. Project RationaleWhy this problem/issue needs to be addressed through a project: the rationale for the project is clear and substantive, establishes the need or opportunity for the project and is supported by a review of the relevant literature, which is referenced.3. MethodsThe methods you will use are clearly identified, link to the aims, are appropriate and include:a. A rationale for the methods chosenb. A description of how the data will be collectedc. A rationale for sampling and sample sized. A general description of how the analysis will be donee. How these methods comply with Ethics feedback.4. Ethical issuesHow you will protect privacy and confidentiality; what ethical approvals are needed; what other ethical issues might exist?5. Budget and ResourcesWhat resources will be needed, and how will you secure them? A budget (in $$); whilst most projects are not externally funded consider the costs of your time, consumables, and so on? Answers: 1. Goals of Project In modern time, the diabetes clinic attendance has become the major concern for young adolescent. Under such circumstances, the overall aim of this project is to assess whether a planned transition program for adolescents in addition to young adults with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) enhances diabetes clinic attendance and management as well as control over transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care. The main aims and objectives of this project are to analysis the current practice of the attendance of the diabetes clinic. Apart from that, this study also provides the information for better transition process for the health care service especially in the care of the diabetes. This particular study will emphasize on below mentioned aspects: To analyse the information about health care of type 1 diabetes; To assess a planned transition program for adolescents to young adults with Type 1 Diabetes; and To develop the program for future work that enhances the clinical attendance and management in adult or young diabetes care; Introduction Transition in type 1 diabetes is one of the most significant parts of modern days health care system. In terms of adult care, movement of pediatric will be the best methodology or technique that helps the adult or young people in empowering their feeling from the point of view of self-management in their rest of life. In order to make changes in the undergoing process of young adult people and their family member with respect to diabetes, transition should be the key method. Therefore, in terms of changing the movement of diabetes, the dependent child has to take care of their disease after the care of family members. In all aspect of the life of the child, it helps in setting a wider picture in context to move dependent child to independent in the rest of the life. Atkinson et al. (2014) argued that the organization of health care can take small responsibility regarding this disease. Apart from that, Heller et al. (2012) cited heath care organization can able to help the families or the child of by providing wider process of taking care or management of diabetes. Patterson et al. (2012) suggested that in the NSF, it is very much important as well as the potential key that associate the young adult and getting transition right in the healthcare operational process. Therefore, for up-and-coming young adults with diabetes, it is specifically essential to compose effectual process for the conversion in care as of pediatric to adult providers with the intention of enhancing the interests as well as physical condition in longer term. In this context, it is also very much essential for these young adult to attain optimum glycemic control so that they can avoid long-term adverse issue as well as able to improve the enduring functioning of body system. It is the fact that till now there is no specified strategy to attain these objectives; still various researchers have proposed various methods mainly for the young adult with the diabetes to overcome these specific issues. Background In accordance to Herold et al. (2013), transition is one of the most concern area in terms of Type 1 Diabetes and it is not only for the parents and their child or young people but also for the professionals. Orban et al. (2011) stated that during the transition of the adult child or young people, chances of loss are huge due to discouraging of health care system to that particular patient. The pediatric service has to be perfect in terms of providing service to diabetes patients. Difference or lack of consistency in the way of caring patient in the adult service, it has huge chances of loss of a child. Transition process in diabetes care system is very important to teens as well as young adults have need of support with transition mainly because of the fact that they are a susceptible group at risk for loss-to-follow-up care and poor health outcomes. Coppieters et al. (2012) acknowledged that the document, guidance, policy practice, etc. of National health care service have several failing reports in terms of taking care of diabetes patient efficiently. Most of the National Health Care Service providers fail to take care of the young or adult child efficiently in their transition process in respect to entire pediatric service. Van Belle et al. (2011) cited that there are some principle such as follow the meal plan properly, taking insulin regularly, develop a management program, regular exercise, monitor, blood glucose, etc allows for improving the type 1 diabetes condition for the young child and the family members. Therefore, Wherrett et al. (2011) argued that in order to provide better health care service to the type 1 diabetes patients, organization in health care industry has to provide clear transition process over the period. This research topic discussed the methods of transition process that very much helps for taking care of type 1 diabetes for the young adults. Moreover, transition process is very much helpful and effective in order to taking care o f patients. Apart from that, heath care organizations have to provide several transition processes instead of providing one transition to take care of patients. Moran et al. (2013) depicted that due to poor control, low glycemic, gaps in medical care, etc., emerging adults of young people falls under the category of Type 1 Diabetes care. Apart from that, poor care and gaps in medical care also affect badly to the adults in adverse health outcomes. However, it has been seen that the rate of type 1 diabetes is increased day to day in the pediatric populations. Therefore, due to increase of type 1 diabetes in the pediatric population, number of young people and adults transferring their care to adult health care service from the pediatric providers. Therefore, this topic discussed the transitioning to adult care and better control as well as management of the people with type 1 diabetes. Literature Review Search Strategy Searching of literature review is always one of the most effective and thoughtful technique. In order to search the information for conducting literature review regarding type 1 diabetes, researcher search all literature from the published journals and articles as well as book also. Using the key words such as type 1 diabetes, affect of type 1diabetes, reason of transitioning type 1diabetes to adult care, process of better management of type 1 diabetes, medicine that used for managing type 1 diabetes, effective way of controlling type 1 diabetes, etc. From several library such as Charles Darwin Library of Australia, search for literature. Use computer technology for matching the key word with the exact word phrase to the database. Impact of glycemic control and unique challenges that faced by the young people with type 1 diabetes: Breton et al. (2012) argued that the adults with the age of 18 to 30 years are the unique stage of development. According to Wood et al. (2013), the period of adulthood follows precedes and adolescence in their life due to poor care of medicine. Srensen et al. (2012) acknowledged that modern culture in these days delays the in taking responsibility regarding self-management of people especially the young adults. It has been often seen that young people avoid taking roles and responsibilities in these modern culture trends such as work, parenting, marriage, etc. Yeung et al. (2011) argued that the emerging adulthood is subdivided into two different parts in an earlier stage such as 18-24 years and 25-30 years age. The young people fall into the category of type 1 diabetes in respect to poor care of chronic as well as the separating geography, economy, and emotions. During this stage, majority of people faces several challenges in terms of lack of self-management regarding diabetes. Th e transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care associated with high-risk for a person with diabetes, a fundamental period for the duration of which disruption of care is probably for numerous causes. There are also various psychological adjustments during the post-adolescent period of emerging adulthood that could be confounded by financial stressors. The following section elaborates multiples of particular relevance for the emerging young adults with diabetes. These are as follows- a) Miscommunication between pediatric along with adult care; b) Underprivileged control of glycemia as well as related risk factor; c) Fails to monitoring consistent medical care needs; d) Augmentation of risk factors for heightened complications (factors like loss of parenteral supervision, reduced attendance at diabetes medical visits.etc.) e) Psychological illness f) Issues related to reproductive health; g) Drug abuse, chain smoker, alcoholic; h) Up-and-coming maturity may be going together with indecision in terms of health insurance coverage after fulfilling educational needs or leaving parenteral home. Pediatric Diabetes: Transitions, Preparations for self-care, transfer to adult care term Majority of the young adults are overwhelming the special health care service in these days for type 1 diabetes. Therefore, it has been seen that burgeoning the interest in terms of effectiveness and efficiency to the adult medical care team from pediatric for the young patient with type 1 diabetes. However, Ludvigsson et al. (2012) argued that type 1 diabetes is one of the most serious diseases in the childhood as well as common chronic for the children. In the present health care industry, there have been multiple organizations that provide the guideline in order to protect the type 1 diabetes and transition to adults care. Lenartowicz (2012) opined that goods transition is one of the most valuable and useful approaches of transitioning to adult care. The six core practice elements of got transition help in comprising the transition program in the health care services. The transition program of health care service providers assists the patient with the application of each element o f got transition to the adult care and pediatric. However, Onengut-Gumuscu et al. (2015) described that the core elements of got transition approach provide the transition policy for the young adults privacy and pediatric patients. Moreover, there are several organizations such as endocrine society; national diabetes educational program, etc. also generated various types of materials that support based on the expert consensus. Monitoring of glucose is one of the key aspects of controlling type 1 diabetes from the point of view of management related task in the healthcare organization. Apart from that, insulin administration, sick day management, intake of carbohydrate and regular exercise also influenced the young adults through several multiple factors such as pubertal development, stress, growth, etc. Apart from that, in order to manage the problem of Type 1 Diabetes, parents and the family member of young adults has to take responsibility solely. However, when the child matures a nd grows they have to take responsibility and taking care own self. Heise et al. (2012) cited that as the child matures and grows they have to transfer responsibilities of diabetes from the parents as well as the family member gradually. Gaps between the Adult diabetes care and pediatric: McCrimmon and Sherwin (2010) acknowledge that the transition process of diabetes care is very much important from the point of view of difficulties. It has been seen that the majority of patients discharged without taking care properly of their diabetes. Apart from that, Giongo et al. (2011) opined during the age of 24 years of the young adults; the health care service of diabetes patient has transfer from the pediatric to adult care. Due to improvement and advance health care service, majority of young adults take service for treatment of type 1 diabetes instead of taking care from pediatric. These existing findings also assess that there are several aspect that have to main by the patient own self instead of their family members. Glycemic Control: Glycemic is one type of attack that affected in the human body based on the ages. Majority of people have been affected by the glycemic attack after the 18 years age. Therefore, majority of young adults and adolescent who are the victims of type 1 diabetes set up the elusive goal in achieving the glycemic control. Several observational and cross-cultural studies have analyzed that the value of HbA1c within the transition in the health care identify the significant difference. Treatment of type 1 diabetes: Ratner et al. (2013) argued that several process and health care service are present in order to treatment of type 1 diabetes especially for the young adults that grow and mature. Testing of glucose level in blood is one of the primary care for type 1 diabetes patients. In the body cells, glucose is the main source of energy. Therefore, glucose carries bloodstream to each cell in the body. Apart from that, Ablamunits et al. (2012) suggested that insulin hormone allows the glucose in getting into each cell of the human body. When, the type 1 diabetes attack into the body, the body has not longer insulin. Therefore, glucose is not able to get into the each cell. This is the key and potential reason of rising glucose into the body. Moreover, for the young child diabetes can control. The control condition of diabetes helps in minimizing the long-term health problems prevents the several symptoms such as cutting of the skin with a small touch, etc. Apart from that, control of diabetes of the child or young adults allows for controlling the mental, emotional, physical, as well as the social growth. In order to treat the type 1 diabetes, young adults and the parents of the child has to control the glucose levels. Battelino et al. (2011) argued that take insulin according the doctor prescription will be the best methodology for treating type 1 diabetes in the young adults. Apart from that, patients with type 1 diabetes have to monitor the level of sugar more than three time in a day. Apart from that, young adults with type 1 diabetes have to eat healthy food, and diet as much as possible. Moreover, patients have to pay specific attention to the carbohydrate in the meal, as well as the diabetes in the meal plan (Ceriello et al., 2012). Furthermore, regular physical exercise also is the effective methodology for treatment of type 1 diabetes. Summary In this particular literature part, researcher described the impact of controlling glycemic that was the main reason of type 1 diabetes for young people. It has been analysed that people with type 1 diabetes especially the young adults falls into the disease due to several methods such as miscommunication between the adult care and pediatric. Lack of monitoring of this particular disease through medical care is also one of the key risk factor. Chain smoker, drug abuse, excessive alcohol is also the reason of victim of type 1 diabetes for the young adults. However, through discussion, researcher elaborated that there are gaps between the pediatric and adult diabetes that is the potential reason of transferring the health care service from pediatric to adult care. Apart from that, it has been identified that people especially the young adults takes service from health care organisation due to advance technology instead of taking service from pediatric. 2. Project Rationale The undertaken project reviewed the literature in both ways interventional and observational since starting the work. Apart from that, both the interventional and observational literature are reviewed with the firm focus. Moreover, this study provides various erudition that are very much important for taking care of type 1 diabetes patients (Yardley et al., 2012). In terms of offering good diabetes transition process, several units are striving with the help of involvement of delivery models. This study analysed various topic that related to type 1 diabetes care and the transition to the adult care from pediatric. This study demonstrated that young people transition most to adult care service from the health care organization instead of their patient of the family member rather than the teenagers (Herold et al., 2013). The key gap of their research is that, this study was not able to identify the best outcomes of the transition process to the adult care from pediatric. Moreover, with the described methodology these studies successfully explain about the transition process along with its effectiveness to the adult care. Apart from that, this study demonstrates that transition process is one of the best methodologies for management and controls the issues that relate to type 1 diabetes. The outcome of this study also allows the reader in understanding the process of mitigating issues of type 1 diabetes from kids and adults. 3. Methods Research methods are important part of defining the appropriate approach in order to attain the details and complete the process. Through the several methods such as deductive, research onion, post-positivism, descriptive, etc. will use to better as well as deeper analysis of collected theories and literature (Russell et al., 2012). a. A rationale for the methods chosen This particular study will use the qualitative descriptive along with the multiple case studies for understanding the type 1 diabetes for kids and young adult. Apart from that, through the multiple case studies and with the help of quantitative research understand the transition process to adult care for better management and control of type 1 diabetes (Sommerville et al. 2013). Deductive research approach will allow the researcher in conducting research based on seconder sources that define the exact issues of pediatric regarding treatment to type 1 diabetes of the young adults. However, this research needs to more information in terms of completing successfully. Therefore, researcher will use descriptive research design for defining the applied concepts in the detailed manner (Skrivarhaug et al., 2014). Apart from that, researcher also used the primary as well as the secondary resources for gathering information about the reason of transitioning to adult care, control and better ma nagement rather than the pediatric. Researcher will also use the deductive approach for this research topic in order to analysis it in a better way. b. A description of how the data will be collected In order to collect data, research will conduct interviews with the patient of type 1 diabetes after approval received from the La Trobe University. For the interpretation of data, researcher will use the descriptive phase of data analysis and collection. For analyzing the transitioning to adult care, better management and control of type 1 diabetes, researcher will use the semi-structured interviews in this particular study. Through the in-depth interview in both individual and group, researcher will collect information that relates to the selected topic. Apart from that, statistical demographic information will also use by the researcher in terms of collecting data or information for this particular study. Apart from that, researcher will use the field notes throughout the study in terms of gathering information. This data collection technique will be useful for communicating with the selected respondents as well as finding information in the better way. However, researcher also ne ver asks any personal question to the respondents that affect emotionally to the patient. Furthermore, researcher will also maintain the replication logic through asking same type of question to the each participant. c. A rationale for sampling and sample size This current study will employ the sampling method that best fit or purposeful for the selected participant. The sample for this study will be the people that belong to 18 to 30 years. For this particular study, researcher will only select the simple probability random sampling method. Researcher will use both the online and offline interview process for this particular case study. The people that belong to the 18 to 30 years age will ask several questions and researcher also rank the information based on the treatment quality of each individuals according to their description. For the quantitative techniques in terms of collecting information from the selected respondents that relate to the reason of transitioning to adult care from pediatric control and better management. The sample size for this study will be 150 people that belong from 18 to 30 years age. d. A general description of how the analysis will be done Pickup et al. (2011) acknowledged that data analysis is one the effective process of applying statistical or logical technique systematically. However, analysis of data also helps in describing as well as illustrating the data for developing or conducting the research study successfully. Apart from that, Marhfour et al. (2012) cited that data analysis will also help in relying on the relevance evidence of gathered information. In order to analyze the data in this research work, quantitative data analysis will use by the researcher. It helps in identifying the possibilities that determine the result of the case studies. e. How these methods comply with Ethics feedback During this research, researcher will follow the code of conduct that helps in identifying the right, as well as wrong behaviors. For analyzing the transitioning to adult care, better management and control of the type 1 diabetes, researcher will maintain the ethical consideration in terms of standardizing the research topic Respondents involvement: Researcher will try to involve the external influences in this particular topic in terms of taking part in the process of feedback. Anonymity of Respondents: Researcher will properly maintain the form of consideration that ensures that respondents will never harass by the researcher (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2011). Data Application: For this particular study, researcher will gain the information and data from the present tend to the people in terms of taking care of the type 1 diabetes. Apart from that, researcher will avoid the commercial use of data or information that gathered through interviews or survey. Project Logic Model Components Program Plan Outcome Plan Target Group(s) Activities Inputs [Resources] Outputs [Deliverables] Learning [Short-term] Action Impact [Intermediate] Impact [Long-term] Issue statement or problems students Intervention of students (Understanding current issues in treatment of type 1 diabetes) People (respondents that selected for the interview) Reflection of the paper Critical thinking on the transition from pediatric to adult care Develop the transition plan to overcome type 1 diabetes issue Treatment were uniformed for mitigating issues Needs or asset of community faculty Issues related diabetes in professional development Vehicles Interaction of the respondents Awareness of the learning outcome such as issues, treatment of type 1 diabetes, etc Increase number of members in order to conduct survey Information were kept in safe after using it for study purpose Strategies faculty Better management for type 1 diabetes patient Communication media for online Project developments Integrative learning such as gaps between the transition and pediatric Involve parents to understand the project outcomes Understanding the effectiveness of transition to adult care better management and control Assumption students Monitoring and controlling in a better way for the young adult with type 1 diabetes Face to face interview Learning outcomes of the project Retention such as management of ethical code of conduct Consistent type 1 diabetes diagnosis for one year Pregnant or intent to become pregnant woman during the next three year Influential factors students Issues related type 1 diabetes for kids and adults Service Certification from the La Torbe University Decision making based on evidence such as use of insulin regularly due to decrease blood pressure Subjects Within the ages of 17 and 20 years Prior to enrolment in the current study Desired results faculty Treatment plan for type 1 diabetes Facilities Data collection tools and techniques Awareness of people about the transition process for type 1 diabetes Should be able to participate in all aspects of this clinical trial Prior to enrolment of a sibling in the current study Activities faculty Treatment options of type 1 diabetes Costs of project Data analysis procedures Community practice such as surveys over the people who belong from 18 to 30 years age Concisely written, informed consent/assent must be obtained and documented Current participation in another clinical trial or participation in another clinical trial in the 6months prior to enrolment Impact students Gap between the transition to adult care and pediatric Project development Issues related type 1 diabetes Increased the member of type 1 diabetes attack patient At least 1 visit during the previous year with the pediatric endocrinologist at one of the three associating Diabetes Clinics Resources faculty Analyses the gathered information Equipment Treatment of type 1 diabetes Survey to gauge the parents of kids that affected by the type 1 diabetes Gantt Chart Step Date Start Date Finish 06-05-2015 13-05-2015 20-05-2015 27-05-2015 03-06-2015 10-06-2015 17-06-2015 24-06-2015 01-07-2015 08-07-2015 15-07-2015 22-07-2015 29-07-2015 05-08-2015 12-08-2015 19-08-2015 26-08-2015 02-09-2015 09-09-2015 16-09-2015 23-09-2015 30-09-2015 07-10-2015 14-10-2015 21-10-2015 28-10-2015 04-11-201 11-11-2015 18-11-2015 1 Reflection on what interest me s s 2 1st draft identifying the Preliminary Area of Interest s s s 3 Justification of its scholarly interest s s s 4 Justification of practical interest s s 5 2nd draft identifying the Preliminary Area of Interest s s 6 Justification of its scholarly interest s s 7 Justification of practical interest s s 8 Identification of topic focused s s 9 Selection of initial research area s s 10 Identification of goal of the study s s 11 Identification of objectives of the study s s 12 Preparing background of the study s s 13 Conduct a Review of the Literature s s s s 14 Collect secondary sources relates to research s s 15 Peer review article s s 16 Gathering concept s s 17 Analysis the impact of glycemic control s s 18 Analysis pf pediatric diabetes s s 19 Modelling the gaps between pediatric and adult diabetes s s 20 Understand the treatment of type 1 diabetes s s s 21 Describe treatment of type 1 diabetes s s s 22 Referred publication on type 1 diabetes s s s 23 Referred publication on modelling of storage and empirical results s s s 24 Develop your Research Design s s 25 Participant s s 26 Research Methodology s 27 Research Procedures s s 28 Quality Control s s 29 Self-assessment of the draft s 30 Plan, Conduct, and Manage the Study s s 31 System for data monitor filtering s s 32 Design the project rationale s s 33 Design the research according to guideline of study s s 34 Described data collection Procedure s s 35 Mention sampling technique and sample size s s 36 Explain the way of data analysis s s 37 Demonstrates ethical feedback s s 38 Design project logical model s s 39 Formation of rough draft s s 40 Submission of final work s s Key Stakeholders and Impact: Within this project, there were three types of stakeholders such as primary stakeholders, secondary stakeholders and key stakeholders. Peimary stakeholders for this project were the selected respondents more specifically the particular population of this project. Secondary stakeholders for this project will be the parents, children, siblings, etc (Sherry et al., 2011). The last one key stakeholder for this project will the people that belongs from 18 to 30 years age. The interest of primary stakeholders on both sides of the equation such as treatment process for the type 1 diabetes, issues related to type 1 diabetes, etc. The interest of the secondary group for this study handles the domestic voalnce. 4. Ethical issues Ethics or moral is essential within the organization that helps in distinguishing between the right as well as wrong. According to Eizirik et al. (2012) the researcher has taken into consideration the norms as well as codes of conduct that the researcher has adopted for completion of the project. This also takes into consideration the legal rules that the societies adopt in order to follow ethical as well as moral standards. The procedures and the methods that are adopted by the researcher need to be as per the codes of conduct of the university as well as the codes of conduct of the society. Mathiesen et al. (2012) commented on the fact that the researcher need to ethical while collecting the data from the patients as well as the doctors. No modification of the data is to be done keeping in mind the ethics and codes of conduct. In addition to thus, Bellin (2012) had an opinion that the researcher need to do this research work on his own keeping in mind that no tables and figures can be taken from any published sources as it is against the laws. Moreover, if any sources are taken, that needs to be referenced properly. Apart from this, human rights also need to be considered and no such offensive and unethical thing that can affect the sentiments of the people cannot be published by the researcher. Project Evaluation Deliverables This particular project evaluate several information in order to support the selected topic such as process of transition, gaps between transition and pediatric, etc. Apart from that, this particular project delivers several methods such as kids as well as adult issues related to type 1 diabetes, treatment of those issues, etc. The main thing that identifies in this topic is the process of transition to adult care, better control and management. The resultant measure used to calculate sample size is the proportion of subjects those who are fail to attend diabetes clinic visits during the 2nd year after transformation to adult care. A 50% relative reduction in non-attendance rate is found in the control group. Risk Assessment While conducting this research work, the researcher has faced a lot of problem regarding the risk while completing this research work successfully. According to the opinion of Impaired (2011) the risk such as financial risk is one of the major risk that the researcher has faced since the progress of the project. In addition to this, other risk such as time risk is also important to remember. The time limitation has made the researcher in fast progression of the research work. From the view point of Thomas et al. (2011) secondary sources such as journals, articles etc are used for collection of data. A large number of patients cannot be included for interviewing them regarding their problems. So, data that are collected from the secondary sources are used for accomplishment of this research work. In addition to Birkeland et al. (2011) also commented that the researcher also need to keep in mind the different controversies and criticisms that can occur after the research work gets submitted. The research guide may also create risk to the researcher by adding other information that will be difficult for the researcher to collect. 5. Budget and Resources Resources: For this project, two type of resources will be used such as primary and secondary. Secondary resources will use for generating more information for developing the study. On the other hand, primary resource will use for conducting the study in a specific way (Richardson et al., 2013). However, in order to secure the resources, researcher will submit the entre document to the university after completing the study. Budget: Activities Type Amount ($) Direct intangible costs ($) Total intangible costs ($) Upper funding ($) Contribution ($) Research Activities Equipment 900 264 1164 50 700 Personnel 400 215 615 50 352 Subcontracting 200 162 362 50 45 Materials 150 0 150 50 25 Other Activities Training 150 25 75 80 60 Management 75 25 75 80 60 Other 25 25 75 80 60 Total $1750 $716 $2516 $440 $1302 References Ablamunits, V., Henegariu, O., Hansen, J. B., Opare-Addo, L., Preston-Hurlburt, P., Santamaria, P., ... and Herold, K. C. (2012). Synergistic Reversal of Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice With Anti-CD3 and Interleukin-1 Blockade Evidence of Improved Immune Regulation.Diabetes,61(1), 145-154. Atkinson, M. A., Eisenbarth, G. S., and Michels, A. W. (2014). Type 1 diabetes.The Lancet,383(9911), 69-82. Barnard, K., Parkin, C., Young, A., and Ashraf, M. (2012). Use of an automated bolus calculator reduces fear of hypoglycemia and improves confidence in dosage accuracy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with multiple daily insulin injections.Journal of diabetes science and technology,6(1), 144-149. Battelino, T., Phillip, M., Bratina, N., Nimri, R., Oskarsson, P., and Bolinder, J. (2011). Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes care,34(4), 795-800. Bellin, M. D., Barton, F. B., Heitman, A., Harmon, J. V., Kandaswamy, R., Balamurugan, A. N., ... and Hering, B. J. (2012). Potent Induction Immunotherapy Promotes Long Term Insulin Independence After Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes.American Journal of Transplantation,12(6), 1576-1583. Birkeland, K. I., Home, P. D., Wendisch, U., Ratner, R. E., Johansen, T., Endahl, L. A., ... and Meneghini, L. F. (2011). Insulin Degludec in Type 1 Diabetes A randomized controlled trial of a new-generation ultra-long-acting insulin compared with insulin glargine.Diabetes Care,34(3), 661-665. Breton, M., Farret, A., Bruttomesso, D., Anderson, S., Magni, L., Patek, S., ... and Kovatchev, B. (2012). Fully integrated artificial pancreas in type 1 diabetes modular closed-loop glucose control maintains near normoglycemia.Diabetes,61(9), 2230-2237. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). National diabetes fact sheet: national estimates and general information on diabetes and prediabetes in the United States, 2011.Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,201. Ceriello, A., Novials, A., Ortega, E., La Sala, L., Pujadas, G., Testa, R., ... and Giugliano, D. (2012). Evidence that hyperglycemia after recovery from hypoglycemia worsens endothelial function and increases oxidative stress and inflammation in healthy control subjects and subjects with type 1 diabetes.Diabetes,61(11), 2993-2997. Coppieters, K. T., Dotta, F., Amirian, N., Campbell, P. D., Kay, T. W., Atkinson, M. A., ... and von Herrath, M. G. (2012). Demonstration of islet-autoreactive CD8 T cells in insulitic lesions from recent onset and long-term type 1 diabetes patients.The Journal of experimental medicine,209(1), 51-60. Eizirik, D. L., Sammeth, M., Bouckenooghe, T., Bottu, G., Sisino, G., Igoillo-Esteve, M., ... and Cnop, M. (2012). The human pancreatic islet transcriptome: expression of candidate genes for type 1 diabetes and the impact of pro-inflammatory cytokines.PLoS genetics,8(3), e1002552. Giongo, A., Gano, K. A., Crabb, D. B., Mukherjee, N., Novelo, L. L., Casella, G., ... and Triplett, E. W. (2011). Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes.The ISME journal,5(1), 82-91. Heise, T., Hermanski, L., Nosek, L., Feldman, A., Rasmussen, S., and Haahr, H. (2012). Insulin degludec: four times lower pharmacodynamic variability than insulin glargine under steady state conditions in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism,14(9), 859-864. Helgeson, V. S., Palladino, D. K., Reynolds, K. A., Becker, D. J., Escobar, O., and Siminerio, L. (2014). Relationships and health among emerging adults with and without Type 1 diabetes.Health Psychology,33(10), 1125. Heller, S., Buse, J., Fisher, M., Garg, S., Marre, M., Merker, L., ... and BEGIN Basal-Bolus Type 1 Trial Investigators. (2012). Insulin degludec, an ultra-longacting basal insulin, versus insulin glargine in basal-bolus treatment with mealtime insulin aspart in type 1 diabetes (BEGIN Basal-Bolus Type 1): a phase 3, randomised, open-label, treat-to-target non-inferiority trial.The Lancet,379(9825), 1489-1497. Herold, K. C., Vignali, D. A., Cooke, A., and Bluestone, J. A. (2013). Type 1 diabetes: translating mechanistic observations into effective clinical outcomes.Nature Reviews Immunology,13(4), 243-256. Impaired, G. F. R. (2011). Intensive diabetes therapy and glomerular filtration rate in type 1 diabetes.N Engl J Med,2011(365), 2366-2376. Kim, E., 2012. Breastfeeding and Diabetes Mellitus/Thyroid Disease.Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17(2), p.76. Lee, Y., 2013. Diabetes care for emerging adults: transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care systems.Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 18(3), p.106. Ludvigsson, J., Krisky, D., Casas, R., Battelino, T., Castao, L., Greening, J., ... and Palmer, J. (2012). GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus.New England Journal of Medicine,366(5), 433-442. Marhfour, I., Lopez, X. M., Lefkaditis, D., Salmon, I., Allagnat, F., Richardson, S. J., ... and Eizirik, D. L. (2012). Expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in the islets of patients with type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia,55(9), 2417-2420. Mathiesen, E. R., Hod, M., Ivanisevic, M., Garcia, S. D., Brndsted, L., Jovanovi , L., ... and McCance, D. R. (2012). Maternal efficacy and safety outcomes in a randomized, controlled trial comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin in 310 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.Diabetes Care,35(10). Moran, A., Bundy, B., Becker, D. J., DiMeglio, L. A., Gitelman, S. E., Goland, R., ... and AIDA Study Group. (2013). Interleukin-1 antagonism in type 1 diabetes of recent onset: two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.The Lancet,381(9881), 1905-1915. Onengut-Gumuscu, S., Chen, W. M., Burren, O., Cooper, N. J., Quinlan, A. R., Mychaleckyj, J. C., ... and Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium. (2015). Fine mapping of type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci and evidence for colocalization of causal variants with lymphoid gene enhancers.Nature genetics. Orban, T., Bundy, B., Becker, D. J., DiMeglio, L. A., Gitelman, S. E., Goland, R., ... and Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Abatacept Study Group. (2011). Co-stimulation modulation with abatacept in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet,378(9789), 412-419. Parikka, V., Nnt-Salonen, K., Saarinen, M., Simell, T., Ilonen, J., Hyty, H., ... and Simell, O. (2012). Early seroconversion and rapidly increasing autoantibody concentrations predict prepubertal manifestation of type 1 diabetes in children at genetic risk.Diabetologia,55(7), 1926-1936. Patterson, C. C., Gyrs, E., Rosenbauer, J., Cinek, O., Neu, A., Schober, E., ... and Soltsz, G. (2012). Trends in childhood type 1 diabetes incidence in Europe during 19892008: evidence of non-uniformity over time in rates of increase.Diabetologia,55(8), 2142-2147. Pickup, J. C., Freeman, S. C., and Sutton, A. J. (2011). Glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes during real time continuous glucose monitoring compared with self monitoring of blood glucose: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials using individual patient data.BMJ,343. Ratner, R. E., Gough, S. C. L., Mathieu, C., Del Prato, S., Bode, B., Mersebach, H., ... and Zinman, B. (2013). Hypoglycaemia risk with insulin degludec compared with insulin glargine in type 2 and type 1 diabetes: a pre planned meta analysis of phase 3 trials.Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism,15(2), 175-184. Richardson, S. J., Leete, P., Bone, A. J., Foulis, A. K., and Morgan, N. G. (2013). Expression of the enteroviral capsid protein VP1 in the islet cells of patients with type 1 diabetes is associated with induction of protein kinase R and downregulation of Mcl-1.Diabetologia,56(1), 185-193. Russell, S. J., El-Khatib, F. H., Nathan, D. M., Magyar, K. L., Jiang, J., and Damiano, E. R. (2012). Blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes with a bihormonal bionic endocrine pancreas.Diabetes Care,35(11), 2148-2155. Sherry, N., Hagopian, W., Ludvigsson, J., Jain, S. M., Wahlen, J., Ferry, R. J., ... and Protg Trial Investigators. (2011). Teplizumab for treatment of type 1 diabetes (Protg study): 1-year results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet,378(9790), 487-497. Skrivarhaug, T., Stene, L. C., Drivvoll, A. K., Strm, H., Joner, G., and Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Study Group. (2014). Incidence of type 1 diabetes in Norway among children aged 014 years between 1989 and 2012: has the incidence stopped rising? Results from the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry.Diabetologia,57(1), 57-62. Srensen, I. M., Joner, G., Jenum, P. A., Eskild, A., Torjesen, P. A., and Stene, L. C. (2012). Maternal serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring.Diabetes,61(1), 175-178. Thomas, M. C., Moran, J., Forsblom, C., Harjutsalo, V., Thorn, L., Ahola, A., ... and Groop, P. H. (2011). The association between dietary sodium intake, ESRD, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes.Diabetes care,34(4), 861-866. Van Belle, T. L., Coppieters, K. T., and Von Herrath, M. G. (2011). Type 1 diabetes: etiology, immunology, and therapeutic strategies.Physiological reviews,91(1), 79-118. Wherrett, D. K., Bundy, B., Becker, D. J., DiMeglio, L. A., Gitelman, S. E., Goland, R., ... and Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet GAD Study Group. (2011). Antigen-based therapy with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) vaccine in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised double-blind trial.The Lancet,378(9788), 319-327. Wood, J. R., Miller, K. M., Maahs, D. M., Beck, R. W., DiMeglio, L. A., Libman, I. M., ... and Woerner, S. E. (2013). Most youth with type 1 diabetes in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry do not meet American Diabetes Association or International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes clinical guidelines.Diabetes care,36(7), 2035-2037. Yardley, J. E., Kenny, G. P., Perkins, B. A., Riddell, M. C., Malcolm, J., Boulay, P., ... and Sigal, R. J. (2012). Effects of performing resistance exercise before versus after aerobic exercise on glycemia in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes Care,35(4), 669-675. Yeung, W. C. G., Rawlinson, W. D., and Craig, M. E. (2011). Enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational molecular studies.Bmj,342. Yoo, E., 2012. Stem Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17(2), p.71. Yu, J., 2012. Genetics in Diabetes Mellitus - Contribution to the Classification and Management.Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17(4), p.211.

Why English Is Important free essay sample

Why study English and History? This joint degree enables students to combine the study of history with that of English language and literature. The intersection between language, culture, and history is currently the focus of active debate within both the disciplines and you are encouraged throughout your course to relate literary and historical ideas in the investigation of your chosen periods, topics, or authors. The course is centered around the twin assumptions that historical documents are just as much ‘texts’ as are poems, plays or novels, and are therefore subject to literary interpretations, and equally that poems, plays and novels represent historically grounded ways of interpreting a culture. The joint school in English and History offers you a very wide choice of options. It is largely open to you to design the course of study which meets your own interests: tutors in your college will offer advice and help you to select the subjects best suited to your strengths. We will write a custom essay sample on Why English Is Important or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The course trains you to set different kinds of writing, in different languages, in their full social, historical, literary and linguistic contexts. You will read widely in poetry, fiction, drama and criticism and will learn to analyse and to write critically about what you have read. A History course already enriched by a strong cultural input is an ideal companion to the study of English literature. Whether your interest is in early or Middle English, the Renaissance, or the later periods, intellectually fruitful combinations are possible. The joint degree includes two explicitly interdisciplinary papers taught jointly by specialists in the two subjects. The English and History degree will equip you with analytical and writing skills that are readily transferable into many other situations and many professions. It opens up the opportunity to go into a great variety of careers. What can I study as part of the course? In your first year, you will take introductory and methodological courses in both subjects (on the History side, there is some choice in which course you take here). Together with these, you will choose one History course from a selection of periods of British history ranging from 300 A. D. to the present day, and one English course from a selection of periods of literature, namely Old English, Middle English, Victorian, or Modern. In your second and third years, there are some opportunities to weight the course towards the History side. The centrepiece of the course is the two interdisciplinary papers you take, chosen from a list of three or more. In addition to these, you can choose from a wide range of options from both schools, including period papers not offered in the first year, and more specialised options from both schools. There is a huge degree of choice in these papers; students can either choose to specialise in a specific period or topic, or can pick and choose from the wide range of options. In addition, you can offer a dissertation on any topic of your choosing. Up to three of the papers you offer can be assessed by coursework rather than exam. Why English is important IF YOU are currently learning English in a school, college or institute of further education, you join approximately one billion other people around the world who are engaged in the same pursuit. However, as you try to memorise proper grammar, and try to avoid the mistakes common to most students of English, you may wonder why you are learning the language in the first place. So, why is English important? After Mandarin, English is spoken by more people than any other language, and is the native language of more than 350 million people. More people speak English than those who speak the Arabic and French languages combined. Moreover, English is the international language of diplomacy, business, science, technology, banking, computing, medicine, aviation, UN NATO armed forces, engineering, tourism, Hollywood films and arguably the best pop and rock music in the world. English has plenty of words to choose from. In fact, an English speaker is offered the biggest vocabulary of any language with a choice of 500,000 to 1,000,000 words (including technical and scientific terms). But don’t panic, most English speakers do very well with a vocabulary of around 20,000 words. English can be fun too. For instance, the music of such stars as Elvis Presley, The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, Michael Jackson and Madonna has encouraged fans to speak the language of their idols, whilst others have enrolled in English classes to improve their understanding of the dialogue in films and TV shows. Or perhaps they have embraced English to enjoy the writing of Stephen King, George Orwell or J. K. Rowling. They may even have an interest in speaking English just to converse with travellers from other countries, who communicate by using the English global interlingua while travelling abroad. Finally, if you are studying English at school, college or university, remember that getting an ‘A’ grade in English is almost worthless, in terms of communication, if you cannot speak the language. Spoken English is used in the best careers, the best universities, and is increasingly being used at job interviews. So like it or not, English is a very important language to learn how to speak.

Dougy essays

Dougy essays In the novel Dougy by James Moloney, the town and community is destroyed by racism and prejudice between the whites and blacks. This made them forget about the flood and worry about how they could shoot each other. This essay will discuss the ways in which the town was destroyed. In the novel Dougy, racism plays a major part in the destruction of the town. The racism in the town begins when Gracey got free money to go to the state championships. This made all the whites angry because the government never gives them any free money blacks get things for nothing that every one else has to work hard for. This quote shows how angry the whites are about Gracey getting free money and it is part of their reason to hate the blacks. Prejudice is another reason why the town was destroyed. It is obvious that the town has been split into two sides. You are either in agreement with the whites or blacks. Prejudice is very bad in the town for example the blacks arent allowed in the pub. This means when the slightest thing goes wrong they start fighting maybe after an hour or two of stand off they will come to there senses. The quote is saying that they fight over the smallest of things and turn it into the biggest of things. The physical destruction of the town from the flood is symbolic to the destruction of the community. The flood destroyed the town because the community abandoned attempts to stop the flood because of there racist attitudes against each other. They were to busy worrying about how they will get the other side back there whities and they are shooting at whities dont they know what side they are on. This quote shows that the people are worrying about the war and not about the flood. The flood in Noahs ark has a lot in common with the flood in the town. They both wash away all the bad stuff for a fresh start to rebuild. The worse the war gets the higher the river rises b ...

The Basics of any Economy †Economics Term Paper

The Basics of any Economy – Economics Term Paper Free Online Research Papers The Basics of any Economy Economics Term Paper Every society in the world has some kind of economic system. The three basic economic systems are traditional, command, and market. These three systems have three common forms of organization known as capitalism, communism, socialism, and mixed. Each from of organization has pros and cons, and each system relates to one or more form of organization. A traditional economy is one that, like the name suggests, stems from tradition. All the economic discussions and how the scarce resources are use is determined by habit and tradition. In this system, people know their place, if your family is a doctor, you will be too. There is little discrepancy about who will do what and how. Because of this however, new ideas or ways of doing things are scorned, thus there is little growth and the standard of living is lower. Entrepreneurs are very rarely found in a traditional economy, Life becomes very stable and predictable. This type of economy is best shown in the Eskimos in Alaska and the Amish people. In a command economy, instead of tradition making the decisions, one central government will do it. The controlling unit will make all of the choices and expect the common people to go along with the leader’s decisions. Command economies can be found in Cuba and North Korea. This government is capable of making drastic changes in a short period of time since one unit is controlling everything. Also since the government makes all the decisions, it will sometimes overlook the needs of its people. The last type of economy is a market economy. The people and firms are the ones in this economy that decide what to produce, for whom, and how much. This economy is the one that allows for growth and change. Actually, it encourages growth and new ideas. The consumers and businesses will determine the prices of products and how much of the are to be produced. In this economy, sometimes resources and jobs are not distributed equally, thus leaving some people in the dust. Capitalism is the type of organization of an economy that corresponds with a market economy. In this organization, the consumers and businesses make all of the decisions. Businesses are privately owned and the concept of supply and demand controls the prices. Adam Smith, the leading capitalist thinker, wrote the book the wealth of nations in which he talks about the Invisible hand as he calls it would make the prices as low as they could be and the economy efficient (Grant). The major advantage to capitalism is that it is extremely efficient. The society’s recourses are put to the best use by the businesses for the consumers. Also another advantage that stems from efficiency is individual freedom. The individuals decide what they want to buy and when they buy it. This economy is also flexible to allow for change. The disadvantages of capitalism are that it doesn’t always supply for everyone’s needs. It leaves out those who can not make a competitive living, such as the elderly. Pure capitalism would leave out the production of public facilities and a national defense system, but this pure capitalism has never been achieved. Pure capitalism is also prone to depressions. The best example of Capitalism is in our own country, The United States. On the other end of the spectrum there is communism, which is the organization of a command economy. In this economy, one central unit, or government, owns all the property. It is then distributed so that everyone has equal amounts land and recourses. This economic system works to make everyone equal. Also the central unit makes all the decisions for the society. Carl Marx wrote a book about communism called The Communist Manifesto. In his book he talks about the fall of capitalism because of its defects, like the tendency to create depressions. The working class would then use Communism to tear down the foundation of private property (Nault, William H.). No country has achieved the pure communism that Marx talked about in his book, but the Soviet Union and china tried. Communism has many advantages and disadvantages. Advantages are that the workers are guaranteed a job thus creating a sense of security. There are public goods and services that the government will provide for everyone, such as, health care, education, and a military. The consequence of the security a person would receive, is little or no individual freedom. A citizen has almost no say in what he or she does for a living and they can not change jobs is they hate what they do. Also no matter how hard a worker may work, everyone will receive the same pay. This leaves people with no incentive to work harder or to strive to create new products. Then there is socialism, which is mix of a command and a market economy. In a socialist economy, the government owns the basic productive recourses, and the rest of the businesses are privately owned. The government will plan how the key businesses and industries are to be handled. The government has more say in the economy than it does in capitalism but less than in communism. The officials are usually elected and they are the people who will direct the use of the society’s industries and recourses. In socialism everyone is provided for. Those who aren’t able to earn decent pay will still share in the benefits of society. This is done through things such as health care, welfare, and guaranteed jobs in the government. In this economy everyone can have say in government and the benefits of it, through the electing of its officials. There are a few downfalls to socialism however. It is usually not as productive or efficient as capitalism. Since the government guarantees jobs, in theory more workers will be hired than are really necessary. This will drive the prices of production up. Sweden is probably the best example of this in our world today. Then there is a mix of capitalism and socialism, which we rightfully call a mixed economy. This is a mix of a command and a market economy as well. People can go about their affairs freely but there is some government intervention. This is demonstrated in almost every country. This system is good because it allows for change as the people do with some of the benefits of socialism like welfare. Mixed economy is the best. In a mixed the best of all the economies is offered. A person can choose their job and also receive some of the benefits of a socialist economy like welfare and social security. This economy will provide people with the best form birth to death. The three different economies are all set up in four different organizations. All of which have pros and cons. The world is full of societies with examples of each. Bibliograpgy 1. Grant, R.G. Capitalism. RSVP publishers: New York, 2001. 2. Nault, William H. World Book Millennium, Vol 18, â€Å"Socialism†. World Book Inc: Chicago, 1999. Research Papers on The Basics of any Economy - Economics Term PaperThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Never Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

History of Russia and Its Economy Research Paper

History of Russia and Its Economy - Research Paper Example This paper will thus talk about the country Russia by focusing on the relationship between the country and its economy since 1910 to today in a bid to identify some of the risks associated with opening an ICT related business in the country (Yergin and Stanislaw, 2002). Imperial Russia (1910-1922). During this time, Russia was regarded as the largest country by land mass and population in Europe and an additional prestige of the biggest army in the world. Being the largest source of agricultural products most of which it exported, in addition, to the overwhelming mineral resources, its trade was more of a give and take. Literary it stood to gain a lot from these exports thus making it a prime beneficiary of foreign investment (Yergin and Stanislaw, 2002). This was emphasized by the fact that markets were free in the making. It is during this time that Russia emerged as a capitalist economy. This resulted from the capability it had of feeding its population without any assistance from outside. However, this economic progress was only tied to the peasant agricultural production rather than the commercial sector. ... This was to be the beginning of inflation that would later be fuelled by the attempt of the government to print more money. The occurrence of the First World War and domestic revolutions came as a major setback in Russia’s economy that left a story people have lived to tell. The free markets that once existed were no longer available, for it saw a monopoly on prices that were subjugated by the government. USSR (1922-1952). It is at this stage that the future of the soviet economy is established. The government’s involvement in implementing strategies that could raise them above this crisis led to an immediate and theatrical step up in the economy. The government decided to introduce incentives to farmers to enable them farmland, in addition, to the opening up lands for privatisation. This functioned to limit small trade and increase industrial production. It is noticeable that the world was hit by the great depression during this time. However, due to these strategies, as the rest of the world dragged, the soviet was on the move trying to wipe of the dust and forge ahead (Yergin and Stanislaw, 2002). However, due to the collective nature of the Soviet agriculture, the economy did not improve as much. This followed stiffer regulations on production that saw the government prioritise industrial growth with steel, coal, power chemicals, and the military topping the list. It is at this time that the government resorts to acknowledge quantity over quality with efforts to maintain a high productivity. This indeed sailed the country through making it the largest employer in Europe by the fall of 1940. Even as, the Second World War started, the Soviet had established

Environmental Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Management - Essay Example In years 2002 and 2003 approximately 333 million tonnes of waste was created in the UK. This amount does not include the agricultural waste. even though out of this household wastes is only around 30 million tonnes, it is approximated that for every tonne discarded an additional 5 tonnes waste is produced at the manufacturing phase, and 20 tonnes at the level where the unprocessed material is pulled out (Vanessa White and Stewart Bell, 2006). The Environment Agency calculates that over 90% of the resources we exhaust are either cast off as waste or emptied into the surroundings as waste matter or air expelling. Â  40% of the recyclable material is plastic bottles, glass, cans and textiles or paper. Vegetable shedding and other unprocessed material is about 38%. In spite of the possible 60% waste which can be recycled or converted, presently below than one quarter of the total waste contents are now recycled (Vanessa White and Stewart Bell, 2006). Waste management in the UK is actually a state approved industry, but still it has to face full competition from private sector investments. Decisions with regard to plans are actually set by the local government based on advises received from the central government. The Government and dropped governances are presently surveying their waste schemes (Vanessa White and Stewart Bell, 2006). The more waste generated the more disposal methods have to be invented. Some modes of disposing of waste actually liberate air contaminants and greenhouse gases into the environment. Waste recycling is one way to reduce the effect of waste discarding into the atmosphere, but availability of other methods which are more environ friendly can be adopted. The most general removal methods, in the UK, are landfill and to a small degree incineration. Every year roughly 111 million tonnes of checked waste that is household, industrial and

Wars Pepsi VS Coca Cola Essay Example for Free

Wars Pepsi VS Coca Cola Essay History of Pepsi: Pepsi was first introduced as Brads Drink in United States, in 1893 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his drugstore where the drink was sold. It was later labeled Pepsi Cola, named after the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the recipe. Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in digestion and boost energy. In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as A bully drinkrefreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race. The advertising theme Delicious and Healthful was then used over the next two decades. In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In 1929, the logo was changed again. In 1931, at the depth of the Great Depression, the Pepsi-Cola Company entered bankruptcy – in large part due to financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result of World War I. Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. Megargel was unsuccessful, and soon Pepsis assets were purchased by Charles Guth, the President of Loft Inc. Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace Coca-Cola at his stores fountains after Coke refused to give him a discount on syrup. Guth then had Lofts chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula. On three separate occasions between 1922 and 1933, The Coca-Cola Company was offered the opportunity to purchase the Pepsi-Cola company, and it declined on each occasion. History of Coca Cola: Coca-Cola was invented in 1886 by John Pemberton, an Atlanta, Georgia, pharmacist. Pemberton was actually trying to concoct a headache remedy, but once he mixed his special syrup with carbonated water, and a few customers tasted the result, he realized that he had the makings of a popular soda  fountain beverage. The name Coca-Cola was coined by Pembertons bookkeeper, Frank Robinson, who also wrote out the new name in the expressive script that has become Coca Colas signature logo. Though the Coca-Cola Company apparently would rather not talk about the origin of its name in detail, its clear that Robinson derived Coca-Cola from two of the drinks ingredients: cola from the cola nut, and extract of coca leaf, also the source of cocaine. Cocaine was a common ingredient of nineteenth-century patent medicines, and by the standards of the day it contained a minuscule amount that probably had no effect on its consumers. Still, by the early 1890s there was a rising tide of anti-cocaine sentiment, and Atlanta businessman Asa Candler, who acquired the Coca Cola Company in 1891, steadily decreased even the tiny amount of the drug in the recipe. The only reason Candler kept putting even minute amounts of coca extract in the drink was the belief that to omit it entirely might cause Coca Cola to lose its trademark. But Coca-Cola was completely cocaine free by 1929. In 1940, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the name Coke rightfully belongs to the Coca-Cola Company. In financial circles, Coca-Cola has been one of the strongest and most reliable trading stocks, showing a steady return in all of its years of existence but one. Warren Buffet, one of the worlds richest men, has always touted Coca Cola as an essential in ones stock portfolio. Comparision between their Advertisements: Additionally while Pepsi with its younger audience tends to focus soley on pop stars, it was Coca-Cola who is regarded as having one of the greatest TV advertisiments of all time, featuring a far more mature pop band Blondie and the enormous hit Atomic, the video played the main chorus of the song to the backdrop of professional footballers taking part in geniune competitive World Cup games and the noise a contender for the coveted title of Greatest Commercial of All Time in many nations. Coca-Cola had Christina Aguilera featured in their commercials, while Pepsi had Britney Spears, Keshauntae  Brown, Michael Jackson, and Mariah Carey Comparision between their Marketing Approach: Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi try to market as part of a life-style. Coca-Cola uses phrases such as Coke side of life in their website, www.coca-cola.com, while Pepsi uses phrases such as Hot stuff in their website, www.pepsi.com, to promote the idea that Pepsi is in sync with the cool side of life. Coca-Cola is more popular but Pepsi has a bigger company. Pepsi tries to reach out to the younger generation by appealing to pop culture. If you visit their website you will be greeted with flashy pages containing pop music, cars, and fashion. Coca-Colas website also has links for music and sports, two arenas in which soda-pop is often consumed; however, Coca-Colas is less flashy and uses a classical appeal, most likely because of Coca-Colas long history as the standard for cola beverages. Comparision between Market Share: Comparision between Logo: Pepsi’s Logo: The Pepsi logo, just like the world’s favourite beverage, has evolved over a long period of time and has become an all time recognizable logo across the planet. Despite the lapse of over a 100 years, Pepsi Cola still leads the beverages industry and continues to capture the hearts and minds of millions of consumers with its dazzling taste and refreshing qualities. The production of Pepsi Cola kicked off on 16th June 1903. The logo that was designed back then remains more or less the same with minor innovations. Caleb Bradham, the man who founded the company, basically scribbled a design which later went on to gather fame. Sensing the success of his ground breaking drink, he came up with a logo and that centered on curves. The first visible changes were made in 1940 and 1950, when red and blue colors replaced the original red logo along with a slight alteration to the shape. Another change to the logo was made in 1962 when the word â€Å"Cola† was dropped from the logo, making it just â€Å"Pepsi†. The logo again embraced some minor changes on its centennial anniversary in 1998, with Pepsi’s success reflected by a sphere which still is part of the world’s most popular logo  today. Coca Cola’s Logo: Coca Cola is world’s biggest brand and its logo is most omnipresent in consumer psyche. In numerous surveys, it has been ranked as the most popular and most trusted brand of the world which is sold in more than 200 countries of the world. Pharmacist John S. Pemberton was the inventor of Coca-Cola. It was invented as patent medicine. His partner Frank Mason Robinson created first Coca Cola logo in 1885. First it was called, Coca Wine, but Robinson came up with the idea of Coca-Cola because he thought the two Cs would look well in advertising, and visualized the logo’s distinctive cursive script called Spencerian script which was a prevalent form of handwriting in 19th century’s US. The red and white color combination was chosen as it was attractive, has blend of energy and purity. It was also meant to attract the youngsters. Example of one basic logo design that has ruled the world without having much change in it, yes there was some subtle and minute alteration, but it has not drastically changed the properties of the logo. Compared to Pepsi, Coca-Cola logo better positioned in consumer psyche, that’s because when most people think about it, they think of this logo only and not of many variants. But when Pepsi is mentioned, many logos flow into people’s minds. Coca-Cola’s barely changing logo is better for people to remember. Comparision between Slogans over the years: Since both were developed and introcuded by pharmicists, they claimed that both drinks had medicinal properties. Cokes 1900 slogan was For headache and exhaustion, drink Coca-Cola, while Pepsis 1903 slogan was Exhilarating, Invigorating, Aids Digestion. In 1929, Pepsi claimed: Heres Health! Coke has been selling a refreshing and satisfying image for a longer time than Pepsi. Heres a quick list of slogans that remind us a lot of those we see today: * 1904 Coca-Cola satisfies * 1904 Delicious and Refreshing * 1905 Good all the way down * 1906 Thirst quenching delicious and refreshing * 1907 Cooling refreshing delicious * 1909 Delicious, wholesome, refreshing * 1909 Delicious, wholesome, thirst quenching * 1909 Drink delicious Coca-Cola In the other hand, Pepsi tried to show that their drink was better for small pockets, having more ounces of drink available in each bottle. Check it out: * 1934 Double Size * 1939 Twice as Much for a Nickel * 1943 Bigger Drink, Better Taste * 1949 Why Take Less When Pepsis Best? After that, since Coca-Cola was the top selling cola drink for so long, Pepsi started to change their awareness. Pepsi had to find a way to make people think different of what they were used to. Making Coke look old was solution they found. * 1961 Now Its Pepsi for Those Who Think Young * 1963 Come Alive! Youre in the Pepsi Generation * 1984 The Choice of a New Generation * 1989 A Generation Ahead * 1993 Be Young, Have Fun, Drink Pepsi * 1997 Generation Next Although its reign was never trembled by Pepsi, Coke replied these slogans reaffirming its untouchable quality and tradition. * 1942 The only thing like Coca-Cola is Coca-Cola itself * 1945 Whenever you hear Have a Coke, you hear the voice of America * 1970 Its the real thing * 1985 Americas Real Choice * 1989 Cant Beat the Feeling * 1990 Cant Beat the Real Thing * 1993 Always Coca-Cola Another detail that makes clear to us that Coke never felt threaten is the fact that the Coca-Cola logo was hardly ever changed. The times Coke tried some change, the feedback was all negative, and they had to bring back the classic logo. Pepsi has been changing its logo since ever, adjusting themselves to each generation, making their way to become the young choice. Comparision between their websites: Pepsi’s Website: The Pepsi website (www.pepsi.com) offers users a very different experience than Coca-Cola’s website. The Pepsi site greets users with an animation and sounds of a glass being filled by ice and Pepsi, which is then paired with a food item such as onion rings or a fajita. There are four main links in Pepsi’s main page, two of which deal directly with Pepsi marketing campaigns. The first link is entitled â€Å"promotions.† By clicking this link, users of PepsiCo’s website are taken to a contest that involves consumers buying Pepsi and having a 1/3 chance of receiving a free music download courtesy of Apple’s iTunes. The second link, called â€Å"street motion† allows PepsiCo website users to enter a drawing where the winner will receive a free luxury automobile. The third link is for â€Å"Pepsi sports† where the NFL’s Rookie of the Year is named and consumers are reminded time and time again that Pepsi is the official drink sponsor of the NFL. This link also includes streaming video of every Pepsi Super Bowl ad. The final link is entitled â€Å"Pepsi music.† This link takes users to Pepsi’s website touting their sponsorship of a summer music tour that involves some of the biggest names in pop-music. Pepsi’s sites are very easy to navigate if one is looking to find information about PepsiCo’s promotions or marketing campaigns. If a user is looking for company or product information, however, it can be difficult to find. At the bottom of the main page is a small link for company information. By clicking this link, users are taken to a different page called PepsiWorld.com. At PepsiWorld.com, users can find the company’s history, job information, and information on other brands that Pepsi owns such as Quaker Oats and Frito Lay. Aesthetically, Pepsi’s websites are very nice. They use bright colors and large, animated links. The site can prove to be frustrating for those that are looking for company information, but for everyone else, they are very interactive and fun. PepsiCo’s sites are geared much more towards customers that are already Pepsi drinkers and have an idea of PepsiCo’s marketing campaigns. The goal of PepsiCo’s sites are not to build new customers, rather they aim to reinforce current customers’ concepts of the organization. Coca Cola’s website: When you arrive at Coca-Cola’s front page, you are greeted by three page  links. These links connect to Coca-Cola company information, their worldwide site, and their U.S. site. By clicking the company information link, the user is transported to Coca-Cola’s official company website where one can find information for investors, job information, and a company history. The company information page is set out in an easy to navigate manner with â€Å"pull-down† menus for each of the links within the company page. The worldwide and the U.S. sites on www.cocacola.com are very similar in content. The worldwide site provides international users with a link to Coca-Cola’s country-specific sites that provides information on products and Coca-Cola themed games and downloads. The Coca-Cola in the U.S site provides many of the same marketing tools that the international sites provide. There are â€Å"pull-down† menus on the site for music downloads, product information, sports, message boards, as well as links to all Coca-Cola television advertisements. Each of Coca-Cola’s web pages is easy to navigate. However, most of the pages are not aesthetically pleasing. With the exception of a few of the international sites (www.zambia.coca-cola.com), most Coca-Cola sites are mainly done in different shades of red and black. This provides a very dull experience for the user while searching the Coca-Cola website. Coca-Cola’s website focuses on not only current customers, but it also focuses on building strong relationships with existing customers by providing large amounts of company and product information. Comparision between Brand Personality and Target Markets: Pepsi’s Brand Personality and Target Markets: Pepsi has always had a young target audience. Many of their ads were targeted at teens and pre-teens and are injected with fun, sports and most often, music. Pepsi has leveraged all manner of musical celebrities over the years. There was a fantastic commercial featuring Michael Jackson and a group of kids that are probably far too young to legally target for such a sugary product these days! When Pepsi wasn’t using musical celebrities, humor was their weapon of choice, again utilizing young kids in the ads. Who could forget the lovable little girl telling the bartender, â€Å"I asked for a Pepsi Pal† in the voice of the Godfather? A few hilarious advertisements of Pepsi: Coca Cola’s Brand Personality and Target Markets: Though to a degree, Coca-Cola and Pepsi have always been similar in their â€Å"fun and young† personalities, the two companies have consistently stayed on separate paths over the decades. On the whole, Pepsi has stuck with its high energy, music and comedy-driven strategy while Coke can be seen constantly gravitating towards the emotional side of branding. Coca-Cola ads depict human experience in two primary ways. First, Coca-Cola was embracing diversity. This can be clearly seen in its long-running â€Å"I’d like to buy the world a Coke† series of ads, depicting people from all over the globe joining together in Coke and song. Further, Coca-Cola has long been available in one form or another in countries all across the world and it’s even rumored to be the most recognizable brand, logo and even word on the planet. When Coca-Cola ads aren’t targeting worldwide diversity, they still possess a strong sense of community and overcoming differences and hardship through universal similarities such as a love for Coke. The second way that Coke has leveraged the human experience throughout the years is through a strong emphasis on families. They seem to know that Mom does the shopping and to get her you have to use an emotional appeal that makes Coca-Cola not only a family desire, but that is an integral part of the family’s life. This occurs all over Coca-Cola’s advertising throughout the years. Whether its an endearing scene of a father and son watching the Santa Coke truck go by or a family of polar bears consistently being brought together by Coke, the ads are aimed right at the hearts of American consumers. Comparision in tactics of Gaining Consumers: Pepsi: Changes Everything In the evolution image above of Pepsi’s logo, consumers saw Pepsi roll along with popular design trends as they introduced Photoshop-centric gradients, shadows and highlights. As with every good design trend, this was firmly rejected by the designers of the next decade. The design community’s eventual response was a full-throttle rebirth of minimalism. Every brand that made their logos look shinier in the late 90s suddenly hit command-z and started stripping their personalities through thin, sans-serif fonts and simple, solid colors By now we’re all familiar with Pepsi’s foray into this  trend. After decades of refining, they hit the Pepsi globe with the ugly stick, trashed the familiar bold typography and gave us this: Years later I still can’t muster up anything but disdain for this rebranding project. Call me old fashioned but I think Pepsi took a baseball bat to their brand heritage. Meanwhile, they made the â€Å"e† in Pepsi mirror the old logo! It might be an attempt at cleverness, but it seems indecisive. Emotional brand ties aside, consumers simply don’t see the logic behind this project. Keeping their image young and fresh is one thing, wasting millions of dollars to twist and smudge your iconic logo is another. They had a really strong and recognizable logo to revert to and rethinking it so dramatically wasn’t either necessary or effective in any way. What makes this overhaul absolutely laughable is the explanation behind it from the Arnell Group. Shortly after the rebranding went public a PDF was leaked which is amazingly nonsensical in its attempt to be sophisticated. Pepsi has since recovered from the public’s hatred of their new brand simply by trudging on. The redesign of their entire line of drinks has stuck with the exception of Sierra Mist, whose strange foggy forest design has already been abandoned for a new look that is actually quite attractive by comparison. Meanwhile, Pepsi’s overall personality has stayed pretty much the same as they continue to primarily use humor and music in their advertising. In 2011, their Super Bowl featured several humorous Pepsi Max commercials and the Pepsi website prominently features an index of â€Å"emerging artists†. The biggest brand goal change that took place with the rebranding project was the Pepsi Refresh Project, which continues on today. Through this initiative Pepsi gives grants to people with great ideas for how to improve their community. It’s an excellent project and a great direction for Pepsi. More and more, big companies are expected to use portions of their mountains of cash to make the world a better place and the Pepsi Refresh Project is doing exactly that. From this we can also see the effects of their branding in action. Notice how they consistently use the new logo as an â€Å"O† in various places. Honestly, despite rejecting the drastic change of their logo I do like the consistency of the visual direction they’ve gone in ever since. Coke Simplifies In the early 2000s, Coke underwent a process very similar to Pepsi’s rebranding project. Like Pepsi, Coca-Cola undertook a branding project that had essentially undone the clutter that had made its way into the brand identity and strip it down to a meaningful and simplified version. In a case study released by San Francisco design firm Turner Duckworth, the problem with Coke was clearly portrayed: The Turner Duckworth team responded to this problem in a drastically different way than the Arnell Group handled the Pepsi refresh (for starters, their logic actually made sense and wasn’t a bunch of circles). Arnell did in fact simplify the Pepsi brand, but in the process they redefined it into something that it has never been before. On the surface, this sounds great but as we saw, the execution felt more like a gunshot to the heart of the brand. Turner Duckworth on the other hand, didn’t attempt to redefine the most valuable brand on the planet, they simply brought it back to its roots. The result was a strengthening of the core features of the logo and product imagery. Turner Duckworth realized that the heart of the brand didn’t just lie in the logo itself but something physical that consumers had all experienced in a very real way over the years: the coke bottle. This idea of leveraging something physical is very important. We’ve all had Coca-Cola from a can, paper cup and plastic bottle before, but there’s something magically nostalgic about that old glass bottle. Not only did they apply their newly simplified look to the glass Coke bottle, they made the silhouette of that bottle the new brand hero and began using it in new and innovative ways. Below we can see the awesome Coca-Cola aluminum can bottles and the application of the Coke bottle silhouette onto other representations of the Coke brand such as paper cups and door signs.